Thinking Effects

The authors propose that military actions should be employed through effects-based operations (EBO). The US military is undergoing a transformation to be prepared for operations across the spectrum of engagement. These authors also propose that part of the transformation should deal with how the military thinks and operates. Mann, Endersby, and Searle have developed an extended explanation of EBO methodology earlier defined in the May 2002 Air Combat Command white paper titled "Effects-Based Operations." They have attempted to answer the challenge by the white paper to help establish procedures in the EBO methodology, to further codify the understanding of an EBO way of thinking. Submitting that this methodology is extremely promising, they recognize two major areas of challenge. First, is modifying both service and joint doctrine to fully articulate what can be accomplished with EBO. Second, there are major issues in the area of command and control (C2). Effective C2 for EBO depends on how intelligence analysis and combat assessment not only are performed but also integrated into the planning process. The authors conclude that the EBO methodology is actually a refinement or evolution of the objectives-based planning currently incorporated in US military doctrine.